The common yew is a conifer whose distribution has greatly decreased during the past centuries; today it is protected by law in most countries. In the Middle Ages, its wood was widely used to make bows, and, later, costly furniture, and so, with its slow rate of growth, the yew slowly disappeared from the forests.
It is a large tree, attaining heights of 50 metres and double this in its homeland. It is easily recognized by the sharp-pointed, reddish-brown buds and ovoid cones, with three- lobed, exserted bracts.
The needles are flattened, and stand out all around the twig. The bark of old trees is divided into thick ridges separated by deep fissures. The Douglas fir likes partial shade, and is adapted to a long vegetation period and light frosts. It finds optimal conditions in areas with a coastal climate, in Great Britain, Denmark, northern Germany and France.
The Scots pine is widespread throughout most of Europe from Spain and Greece to the Polar Circle in the north, and to Siberia in the east. It is an important ornamental as well as forest tree. It attains heights of 30 to 40 metres and the crown is placed high up on the trunk. The bark is thick and furrowed on the lower part of the trunk and an attractive orange-brown on the upper part. The deep root system provides it with good anchorage, making it possible for it to grow even on steep, stone cliffs and in sandy situations. The needles grow in pairs.
The silver fir is one of the largest of European trees, reaching heights of more than 60 metres in virgin forests and living for five hundred years. Its name is derived from the smooth, silvery-grey bark. The buds are non-resinous. The needles are arranged in two opposite ranks on the twig, leaving a circular leaf scar upon falling. The yellow male flowers are clustered on the underside of the previous year's shoots. the female flowers, resembling small green candles, are borne on the upper part of the crown. By autumn they develop into cylindrical cones that mature in late September and then disintegrate.
The Scots pine thrives in almost any climate and in poorer and drier soils. That is why it may be found on sandy or shallow soils that other more demanding trees find unsuitable. The wood is light and of good quality, the heartwood pale brown - used for columns, windows, doors, sleepers, etc. In some places its resin is used by the chemical industry.
It is a large tree, attaining heights of 50 metres and double this in its homeland. It is easily recognized by the sharp-pointed, reddish-brown buds and ovoid cones, with three- lobed, exserted bracts.
The needles are flattened, and stand out all around the twig. The bark of old trees is divided into thick ridges separated by deep fissures. The Douglas fir likes partial shade, and is adapted to a long vegetation period and light frosts. It finds optimal conditions in areas with a coastal climate, in Great Britain, Denmark, northern Germany and France.
The Scots pine is widespread throughout most of Europe from Spain and Greece to the Polar Circle in the north, and to Siberia in the east. It is an important ornamental as well as forest tree. It attains heights of 30 to 40 metres and the crown is placed high up on the trunk. The bark is thick and furrowed on the lower part of the trunk and an attractive orange-brown on the upper part. The deep root system provides it with good anchorage, making it possible for it to grow even on steep, stone cliffs and in sandy situations. The needles grow in pairs.
The silver fir is one of the largest of European trees, reaching heights of more than 60 metres in virgin forests and living for five hundred years. Its name is derived from the smooth, silvery-grey bark. The buds are non-resinous. The needles are arranged in two opposite ranks on the twig, leaving a circular leaf scar upon falling. The yellow male flowers are clustered on the underside of the previous year's shoots. the female flowers, resembling small green candles, are borne on the upper part of the crown. By autumn they develop into cylindrical cones that mature in late September and then disintegrate.
The Scots pine thrives in almost any climate and in poorer and drier soils. That is why it may be found on sandy or shallow soils that other more demanding trees find unsuitable. The wood is light and of good quality, the heartwood pale brown - used for columns, windows, doors, sleepers, etc. In some places its resin is used by the chemical industry.
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In planning your garden, if you want to make a feature of an existing stream or pond in your garden, make sure the water runs all the year so that you are not left with a dry mud waste in the summer.
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